The report “Equality and the Fight against Racism and Xenophobia: Cost of Non-Europe Report” (Van Ballegooij and Moxom, 2018) provided an overview of the impact estimation to the EU Member States due to racial and ethnic discrimination. Indeed, the report estimated these parameters by considering the consequences of the exclusion phenomena such as poor health and poorer employment opportunities. Consequently, these factors can also translate into lower GDP output for the Member States. The result estimates European society’s GDP loss of €2.4-10.7 billion annually.
References
Van Ballegooij, W., & Moxom, J. (2018). Equality and the Fight against Racism and Xenophobia: Cost of Non-Europe Report. European Parliament Research Service (EPRS), European Parliament.
